PKC- sensitizes Kir3.1/3.2 channels to changes in membrane phospholipid levels after M3 receptor activation in HEK-293 cells

Brown, Sean G., Alison Thomas, Lodewijk V. Dekker, Andrew Tinker, and Joanne L. Leaney. PKCsensitizes Kir3.1/3.2 channels to changes in membrane phospholipid levels after M3 receptor activation in HEK-293 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 289: C543–C556, 2005. First published April 27, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00025.2005.—G proteingated inward rectifier (Kir3) channels are inhibited by activation of Gq/11-coupled receptors and this has been postulated to involve the signaling molecules protein kinase C (PKC) and/or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Their precise roles in mediating the inhibition of this family of channels remain controversial. We examine here their relative roles in causing inhibition of Kir3.1/3.2 channels stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells after muscarinic M3 receptor activation. In perforated patch mode, staurosporine prevented the Gq/11-mediated, M3 receptor, inhibition of channel activity. Recovery from M3-mediated inhibition was wortmannin sensitive. Whole cell currents, where the patch pipette was supplemented with PIP2, were still irreversibly inhibited by M3 receptor stimulation. When adenosine A1 receptors were co-expressed, inclusion of PIP2 rescued the A1-mediated response. Recordings from inside-out patches showed that catalytically active PKC applied directly to the intracellular membrane face inhibited the channels: a reversible effect modulated by okadaic acid. Generation of mutant heteromeric channel Kir3.1S185A/Kir3.2C-S178A, still left the channel susceptible to receptor, pharmacological, and direct kinase-mediated inhibition. Biochemically, labeled phosphate is incorporated into the channel. We suggest that PKCmediates channel inhibition because recombinant PKCinhibited channel activity, M3-mediated inhibition of the channel, was counteracted by overexpression of two types of dominant negative PKCconstructs, and, by using confocal microscopy, we have demonstrated translocation of green fluorescent protein-tagged PKCto the plasma membrane on M3 receptor stimulation. Thus Kir3.1/3.2 channels are sensitive to changes in membrane phospholipid levels but this is contingent on the activity of PKCafter M3 receptor activation in HEK-293 cells.